CIMMYT develops and distributes elite tropical CIMMYT maize lines (CMLs) for use around the world. This dataset contains genotypic profiles for all 615 of the CML lines released by 2022 and fourteen temperate maize inbred lines. All lines were genotyped with 180 kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers. These data were used to generate a reference fingerprinting dataset using 152 high-quality markers. These data were also used to perform analyses concerning the relationships between different CMLs and temperate materials in the accompanying journal article.